Introduction
Libraries are invaluable institutions that act as gateways to knowledge, promote intellectual development and provide access to a wide variety of resources. Within the world of libraries, different types exist, each with its own distinct purpose and scope.
Libraries come in various types, each designed to serve specific purposes and cater to different audiences. According to the mode of services rendered to the readers, libraries are broadly divided into four types:
1. Academic Library
2. Special Library
3. Public Library
4. National Library
1. Academic Library
"a library which is associated or attached with any educational institution
institution to support its educational
programmes".
Academic library is an integral part of the formal education system which provides time bound education from primary school level to university level.
Three categories /
1. School Library
2. College Library /
3. University Library
a. School Library
A library associated or connected with a school and used by the students, teachers and staff of that school is called a SCHOOL LIBRARY.
For examples -
1. Delhi Public School library
2. Central Academy School library
OBJECTIVES
A school library has the following objectives-
It supports all educational programmes of the school.
It cultivates reading habits in school children.
It develops interest to use the library for their overall development.
It inculcates the habit of seeking help of additional
It develops interest to use the library for their overall development.
4. It inculcates the habit of seeking help from additional sources other than textbooks.
5. It develops self-learning skills of students.
B. College Library
A library attached or associated with a college and used by teachers, students and staff of the college is known as COLLEGE LIBRARY.
For example:
1. Raj College Library
2. Delhi College of Engineering Library etc.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of a college library are as follows:
It helps in all educational and instructional programmes of the college.
It develops a habit of deep and advanced studies of subjects beyond the text books of subjects, in students.
It develops a habit of deep and advanced studies of subjects beyond the text books of subjects, in students.
It informs the teachers with latest up-dates in their respective subject area.
C. University Library
A library attached or associated with a university,
It is also known as the heart of university.
Krishan Kumar "a university library is a part of a university set up. Therefore, it exists to serve the objectives of its parent organisation. In other words, a university library should aim to advance the functions of its university. It should reflect the character of the university".
For examples -
1. JNU library
2. NIMS University library
For examples -
1. JNU library
2. NIMS University library
OBJECTIVES
To provide facilities for all teaching, learning, educational and research programmes of the university.
To cater to the information needs of teachers, students, researchers associated with the university
It provides facilities to its users for intellectual development which is a power of acquiring ideas through individual efforts.
Providing latest knowledge to teachers in their field for effective teaching it makes transmission of knowledge possible.
2. Special Library
In the 20th century with the development of industrial, technological and scientific advances the concept of special libraries came into existence. The growing need for specialised information for further development and research came to play a vital role in the expansion of special libraries.
DEFINITION
A special library is a library that provides specialised information resources on a particular subject, serves a specialised and limited clientele, and delivers specialised services to that clientele. Special libraries include corporate libraries, government libraries, law libraries, medical libraries, museum libraries, news libraries.
For examples
1. Parliament library (Delhi)
OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of a special library are as follows:
1. serves the information needs of its parent body.
2. It disseminates updated and significant information in the concerned field.
3. It provides desired information to its users on demand and mostly in anticipation.
3. Public Library
A Public Library is "a public institution or establishment charged with the care of collection of books and the duty of making them accessible to those who require the use of them.
This definition describes two functions of a library:
4) The care of a collection of books means protection and preservation of the collection.
(2) to make them accessible in a real sense so that the right person can get the right information at the right time.
Other Definitions of Public library
1. Public library is Considered an Essential Part of A Modern Society, and Plays a Very Important Role in the Community.
2. Informal Self education is Possible by Public libraries.
3.The library for the People, of the People and by the people is Called Public Library.
4. Public Libraries are the Gift of Democracy.
5. Department of Culture of Government of India Deals with Public libraries.
6.Library is a Social Agency.
7. Public library which Serves all the Members of the Society without Distinction of age Sex Cast and Creed.
8. Indian Standard 45 15339:2003' is Related with Public library Guidelines
9. “Reading Habit and to Create Self education/internet " Objective is of School library and public library.
10. Public library is meant for Lending Materials for Reference to all the Citizens.
4. National Library
PA NATIONAL LIBRARY keeps all documents of and about a nation under some legal provision and thus represents publications of and about the whole nation.
For example:
National Library of India-Kolkata
British Library-London
Library of Congress- Washington
Objectives
1. It procures the nation's all literary output under legal provision as well the foreign literature about that nation.
2. It works as a depository house.
3.It disseminates information about the stored and procured literary wealth through different publications and services.
Types of Library Models
Libraries have remarkably adapted to the ever-changing technological landscape, resulting in a diverse range of library types based on the collection they hold.
a. Traditional Library
Traditional Libraries give emphasis on storage and preservation of physical items, particularly books and periodicals, those in which librarians were a custodian of the library. Information is physically assembled in one place; users must travel to the library to learn what is there and make use of it.
b. Automated Library
An automated library represents a modernised approach to library management, leveraging technology to enhance efficiency and accessibility. In an automated library, various processes, such as cataloguing, circulation and inventory management, are streamlined through the use of computer systems and digital databases.
c. Digital Library
A Digital library is a Collection of Digital Objects, Such as Books, Magazines, Audio Recordings, Video Recordings and Other Documents That are Accessible Electronically.
Digital libraries Provide Users with Online Access to a Wide Range of Resources. They Are often Used by Students for Research or by Professionals Seeking to Stay Current on the Latest Developments in their Field.
Digital libraries are those libraries in which services are fully automated and all resources are in digitised form.
d. Virtual Library
A Virtual library is an online Collection of Digital Resources That Provides Access to a Wide range of Digital Materials Such as e-Books, Journals, Databases, Audio and Video Recordings, and Other digital media. These Digital Resources Can be Accessed Remotely via the internet anywhere and anytime, Making them Highly convenient for Users, Databases, audio and Video Recordings, and Other digital media. Thes Digital Resources Can be Accessed Remotely via the internet anywhere and anytime, Making them Highly convenient for Users.
Virtual library That Does not Exist in real life and consists of Material Organised in virtual Space Using Computer Networks.
The library with little or no Physical Process of reading Materials, reading Space or Supporting Staff is Called Virtual library.
Note - Hyper Card is used in accessing a virtual library.
e. e-Library
An e-library, also known as an electronic library or virtual library. represents a digital platform that offers a vast collection of resources accessible online.
Unlike traditional libraries, an e-library eliminates the need for physical space and provides users with instant access to a wide range of digital materials.
f. Hybrid Library
A hybrid library combines the best of both physical and digital collections, offering a comprehensive and versatile library experience. In a hybrid library, users have access to diverse resources that span both traditional print materials and digital content.
Hybrid library is also About Creating a Single user interface to Access Electronic Resources and all other resources in a variety of formats
Library of Congress
The library of congress is the Largest library in the World, With Millions of books, Films and Video, Audio recording, Photographs, Newspapers, Maps and Manuscripts in its Collections.
The library is the Main Research arm of the U.S. congress and the head of the U.S. copyright office.
It was established on 24th April, 1800.
It was Situated at Washington D.C.
It is a National Library of the USA.
it Acquires the Status of a Depository Library under copyright law of 1870.
- LC [Library of Congress] is the largest library in the World and Oldest library in the USA. The Library of Congress is the Research library That Officially Serves the United States Congress and is the national library of the United States.
British Museum
The British Museum library Founded in 1753, contained one of the world's largest Collections of Book, Manuscripts and periodicals, Both Contemporary and antique, British and Foreign.
British library
The British library is a Research library in London That is The national library of The United Kingdom. It is one of The Two Largest Libraries in The World. It was established on 1st July 1973. Dr. Albert Men's Bridge was founder of the British national library.
Note - British library act was Enacted in 1972
Note - British library act was Enacted in 1972
Bibliothèque Nationale de France
The Bibliotheque Nationale de France is the national library of France, Located in Paris. This library was established in 1461. It is the national repository of all that is published in France and also Holds extensive Historical Collections.
National Diet library
The National Diet library is the National library of Japan and Among the Largest libraries in the World. It Was established in 1948 for the Purpose of assisting members of the national Diet of Japan in Researching Matters of Public Policy. It is Situated at Tokyo
Some important Quotation-
1. According to Ranganathan - A library is a public institution or establishment charged with the care of collection of books, the duty of making them accessible to those who require the use of them and the task of converting every person in its neighbourhood into a habitual library goer and reader of books." accessible to those who require the use of them and the task of converting every person in its neighbourhood into a habitual library goer and reader of books."
2. According to J.H. Shera in the context of the role of a library in society "Library is a product of our cultural maturation"
3. According to Francis Bacon 'some books are to be tasted, other to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested'
5. S.P. Sood is the editor of "Granthalaya Vigyan"
6. According to R. Astall "Special libraries Serve a Specialist
Clientele, Located Within a Single Establishment of Group and all engaged in Working Towards one common Purpose"
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