Isolates and Auxiliaries

 A fundamental and ultimate unit of knowledge in the CC is called an isolate. It cannot stand alone, and it cannot be a subject by itself. Special Isolates are isolates that are specifically and solely listed for a given main class. As opposed to these, isolates that are listed only once and are the same for every main class are referred to as "Common Isolates." It could be argued that the Common Isolates (CIs) are merely auxiliaries and not true components of the subject. They are recurring ideas that mostly have to do with how a document is presented or its additional textual components. They are listed only once, so their names and notational symbols are consistent throughout. 

   

 Ranganathan claims that the common isolates can be attached to most classes, but not all. They represent categories like encyclopaedias, dictionaries, periodicals, bibliographies, biographies, statistics, or presentation types like histories, commission reports, and conference proceedings. Common Isolates include institutions, centres, research, and criticism. These Common Isolates are crucial for organising the subjects into a true Apupa pattern. These Common Isolates signify varying degrees of subject intensity in a document's main body.There cannot be any Apupa pattern without Common Isolates. Additionally, the true Apupa pattern cannot exist with even one type of Common Isolates, such as DDC.

Types of Common Isolates: Ranganathan classified Common Isolates into two main categories and a number of subcategories, which may be best illustrated with a diagram. Generally speaking, there are two types of them: 

1. Anteriorising Common Isolates (ACIs)
2. Posteriorising Common Isolates (PCIs)

1. Anteriorising Common Isolates (ACIs): When a subject has an ACI attached to it, it is placed in front of other subjects in its class. They also have the advantage of not requiring any connecting symbols in the CC-6. The approach documents stored in the CC-6 are made up of three different types of documents that are attached with anteriorizing common isolates (ACIs):

2. Posteriorising Common Isolates (PCIs): These should be filed after the main documents and call for a connecting symbol:

Anteriorising Common Isolates: In the CC some forms of approach documents are designated by what are called anteriorising common isolates. These ACIs when applied to a class number decrease its ordinal value and bring it to the fore position. Such documents such as bibliographies, glossaries, syllabi, biographies etc. are considered as approach documents to study the subject proper. The anteriorising position is obtained by fixing the ordinal value of ACI digits. For example, Ba Bibliography of Mathematics files before B Mathematics on the shelves.

APUPA Pattern: Using two types of common isolates in the CC Ranganathan is able to achieve somewhat pedagogical sequence of documents on the library shelves. Here U stands for core documents for the study of the subject, while Ps on both the sides denote documents of lesser subject density. P on the left of U is zone of approach documents to reach the core U, while P on its right is for advanced studies say, research, critical studies or advanced centers for study of the subject. A on both the sides are closest neighbouring subjects. Thus a learner makes his/her way from preliminary documents to core documents and finally to advanced documents. APUPA pattern is considered as an aid to self learning. This could only be achieved by dividing common isolates of two categories of anteriorising and posteriorising common isolates. 

Common Auxiliaries: In the UDC there are tables1c-1k of auxiliary subdivisions applicable throughout the schedules wherever needed without any instruction. Each auxiliary table has its own indicater digits.

Common Isolates: Some recurring non subjects divisions for the forms of documents are applicable across the schedule. Examples are bibliographies, dictionaries, glossaries, journals, research, professional associations etc. They get meaning only when get attached to a class numbers. By themselves they do not make any class numbers.

Isolate: In the CC, it is the smallest unit of knowledge which cannot be further subdivided and cannot stand of its own, for example, child, wheat, oxygen, research are a few examples of isolates.

All the isolates have been divided into two kinds: 

special and common. Special isolates are exclusive or unique to a given main class. 

Posteriorising Common Isolates(PCIs): Some documents such as research in or critical studies of the subject, its research centers or professional associations are better read after the full study of the core subject. Such aspects are denoted by posteriorising common isolates and get placed after the core subjects. In the CC-6 these are again of two kinds: personality, and energy. 

Special auxiliaries: In the UDC, under some classes there are some recurring concepts exclusive to that class, which may be of any size, to which these are applicable. Range of these special auxiliaries varies from a whole main class say 7 Arts to a small area. These are again of three kinds denoted by the symbols – 1--/9, .01/.09 and ‘1/‘9. 

Special isolates: In the CC subject, special isolates are the subclasses that fall under different facets of a main class. The P, M, and E categories each have their own distinctive isolates for each main class. In the other main classes, these have no significance. For instance, special isolates in the personality of J Agriculture in the CC include rice, wheat, maze, etc.

Standard subdivisions: The first (T1) of the six (auxiliary)tables in the DDC is where the majority of the notation for forms and other aspects of documents is listed. Each subdivision starts with a 0, and multiple 0s may occasionally be added. These can be used without instructions at any level. These are referred to as standard because they always use the same names and notations.

Tables: The DDC includes five additional tables in addition to Table 1 (of standard subdivisions), which are typically applicable in the majority of classes. These include T2 Area/Geographic Table, T3 Literature Subdivisions, T4 Language Subdivisions, T5 National and Ethics Group, and T6 World Languages. T3 and T4 are obviously only used in the classes for which they were designed, whereas T2, T5, and T6 are applicable to all schedules.

1. Are you aware?

Auxiliary refers to something secondary or unimportant.

In contrast to knowledge classification, auxiliary terms are only necessary in library classification.

2. Things to keep in mind An isolate is the smallest knowledge subunit or unit.

Common auxiliaries, as defined by the UDC, are used to describe the document's forms, the author's points of view, the time and place in which the subject is being discussed, and the language used in the text.

The DDC's standard subdivisions serve as a representation of both the document's external and internal forms.

The two varieties of common isolates (CI), anteriorizing (CIs) and posteriorizing (CIs), were developed by Ranganathan's CC.

The CC can arrange documents according to the APUPA pattern using ACIs and PCIs.