Common MARC Tags in Library Cataloging

The tags used most frequently are:
010 tag marks the Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
020 tag marks the International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
100 tag marks a Personal name main entry (author)

"Exploring FoxPro: A Comprehensive Guide to Database Management and Manipulation"

Introduction to FoxPro
FoxPro stands as a prominent Database Management System (DBMS) software for personal computers (PCs). It represents an upgraded and modernised version of the previously existing software, Forbase.

"Software for University Libraries (SOUL): A Comprehensive Integrated Library Management Solution"

Software for University Libraries (SOUL) is a cutting-edge integrated library management software developed by the INFLIBNET Centre to cater to the needs of college and university libraries. This user-friendly software operates within a client-server environment and has been designed to meet the specific requirements of academic institutions. It adheres to international standards for bibliographic formats, networking, and circulation protocols, ensuring seamless compatibility.

"Overview of Computer Networks: Types, Components, and Data Transmission"

Introduction:
A network is analogous to an interconnected web of lines, facilitating communication across the world within seconds. It's a system where computers are linked by transmission channels to communicate with each other.

CD-ROM Technology

Introduction:

CD-ROM, which stands for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, is a type of laser disc developed through a partnership between Philips and Sony. The CD-ROM is composed of a combination of Plexiglas and aluminum, with a thickness of 1.2mm. It features a diameter of 12 cm.

Meaning:

CD-ROMs have gained prominence as a medium for storing bibliographic information. The acronym CD-ROM originally referred to Compact Disc Read Only Memory, familiar to many information professionals who were acquainted with compact discs before the advent of CD-ROM technology.

Micro CDS/ISIS Brief

 Micro CDS/ISIS is an advanced software designed by UNESCO in 1985 to cater to the information storage and retrieval needs of institutions, particularly in developing countries. Its aim is to streamline information processing using cost-effective modern technologies. This software evolved from the mainframe version of CDS/ISIS from the late '60s.

Key Features:

- Handles variable length records, fields, and sub-fields, optimizing disk space and accommodating larger bibliographic data.

- Comprises a database definition component to specify data for specific applications.

- Offers a data entry component with user-configurable worksheets.

- Provides a robust information retrieval component with a potent search language, including field-level, proximity, and Boolean search techniques, alongside free-text searching.

- Features a versatile report generator to create catalogues, indexes, etc., in desired formats.

- Supports data interchange using ISO 2709 standard format.

- Integrates an application programming language (CDS/ISIS Pascal) for customization.

- Facilitates building pseudo-relational databases.

- Interfaces with IDAMS software for statistical analysis.

- Offers multi-lingual support in English, French, and Spanish versions.

CDS/ISIS Short Notes

 The Computerized Documentation Service/

Integrated Set of Information Systems (CDS/ISIS)

The Computerized Documentation Service/Integrated Set of Information Systems (CDS/ISIS) is a comprehensive information storage and retrieval software framework that was first introduced in 1985. It was developed under the auspices of UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. CDS/ISIS encompasses a generalized system for efficiently storing and retrieving diverse forms of information. Its initial release was in a DOS-based environment, with subsequent advancements leading to the distribution of a Windows version known as WINISIS. The latter iteration of WINISIS underwent preliminary testing in May 1995, followed by its official release in November 1998.

Scientific Management: The Legacy of Frederick W. Taylor (1850-1915)

Scientific Management: The Legacy of Frederick W. Taylor (1850-1915)

Scientific management finds its essence deeply intertwined with the teachings and methodologies of Frederick W. Taylor. Throughout his lifetime, Taylor dedicated himself to enhancing production efficiency, not solely to reduce costs and amplify profits, but also to pave the way for improved wages through heightened worker productivity. Coined as "scientific management," this term encapsulates the principles and practices that emanated from the collaborative efforts of Taylor and his disciples, including Carl George Berth, Henry L. Gantt, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, among others. This paradigm is characterized by an unwavering dedication to efficiency and systematic approaches in management.

It is important to distinguish scientific management from management science, which involves the application of mathematical modeling in managerial decision-making and stands distinct from the foundational concepts of scientific management.

Certainly! Here's a concise summary of the three schools of management thought as you've described:

"Biblioteca Gabriel García Márquez: 2023 Public Library of the Year"

Public Library of the Year Award 2023:

The winner of the Public Library of the Year Award for 2023 is the Biblioteca Gabriel García Márquez from Spain. This prestigious recognition was announced at the 88th IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) conference. The other libraries that were nominated for this award were:

- Public Library Janez Vajkard Valvasor Krško (Slovenia)

- Parramatta Library (Australia)

- Shanghai Library East (China)

However, the Biblioteca Gabriel García Márquez stood out and secured the title of Public Library of the Year for its exceptional contributions and services in the library field.

BUDGETING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

"Within the framework of financial management for libraries, the budget stands as a central aspect. The budget, essentially a statement of income and expenditure, serves as a guiding document for managing funds allocated over a period of time. Beyond its financial role, the budget serves as a tool for control, communication, coordination, evaluation, and motivation.

    Budgeting, a managerial function covered under POSDCORB in (Principles and Functions of Management), holds significance as both a planning instrument and a control mechanism. It functions as a plan document by projecting financial plans for the library's future and acts as a control mechanism by facilitating budgetary control. This control helps monitor performance against the plan, making it possible to rectify any deviations from performance targets.

    A budget serves as a roadmap, outlining the provision of library services in the coming years and forming the fiscal foundation for library operations. It offers the opportunity to secure necessary funding for existing services while also seeking supplemental support for expanding services or accommodating increased use. The budget functions as a means to monitor required revenues and track expenses that can be reported. It encompasses detailed cost factors for each activity, incorporating projections for future growth and the commitments of library services. Due to the financial implications, standards for operational procedures are also essential."

CONCEPT, DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

  

1. Introduction : Management refers to series of functions for the organisation and administration of  various activities and people in the organisation. If we study the working of the  existing organisations all over the world, some are highly successful; some are  striving hard for success while some are unsuccessful. There are certain factors  influencing their success. Mangers apply the principles of management which are  universal in character. They plan, organize, integrate and inter–relate organizational activities and resources for the purpose of accomplishing the objectives. 

Management is essential for all types of organisations and libraries are no exception.  Management techniques in libraries have their origin in mid 1950’s. Prior to this,  libraries had very limited financial resources and limited services. Now libraries exist  in great variety. These vary in size, goals, structural pattern, financial resources, staff  and many other characteristics. From management point of view, these very in  management style, morale of the staff, environment for innovation etc. Now a variety  of information and communication technologies are available as means to improve  library services and operations. 

Library, Information and Society

Introduction

 Information and knowledge drive society's development. Humans, known for their intelligence, gather information, turn it into knowledge, and use it to improve lives. Initially, knowledge was shared orally, but as it grew, people started writing it down. These written records became known as documents. As society progressed, knowledge expanded, leading to the rise of civilizations. Civilizations brought educational, political, and cultural organizations, boosting human intellectual activities. Printing technology marked a major milestone in preserving and sharing knowledge.

Amid these developments, the concept of a library emerged. Libraries became places to store and share knowledge, ensuring its transfer to future generations.

Basics of Research Methodology

Introduction:

    Research plays a vital role in human progress. It's like a tool we use to find out the truth about things. It's not just searching for answers, but a deep and focused search. Research helps us find solutions by using the scientific method, which is a key part of every field of study. It's how we investigate and learn new things.

    Ranganathan elaborates and elucidates the meaning of research as a “critical and exhaustive investigation to discover new facts, to interpret them in the light of the known ideas – laws and theories – to revise the current laws and theories in the light of the newly discovered facts and to apply the conclusions to some practical purpose”.

    "Research" is a purposeful intellectual activity aimed at exploring a phenomenon to expand existing knowledge. It involves systematically collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to solve societal problems. This becomes scientific when specific methods are used to gather, record, measure, and analyze data in a research cycle – from problem selection to final report writing. In essence, it's a systematic thinking process and scientific method for studying problems and finding solutions. However, research design, application, and outcome may differ across subjects.

Important Steps in Research Process

STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS

The process of research invariably consists of three stages – the primary stage,

secondary stage and final stage. Each of these stages consist of several steps and

thus the any research process comprises the following steps:

i) Identifying and Formulating the Research Problem

ii) Defining the objectives

iii) Formulation of Hypotheses

iv) Literature Review

v) Research Design

vi) Sample Design

vii) Data Collection

viii) Analysis and Interpretation of Data

ix) Writing Research Report

x) Conclusions

PERT and CPM

 PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) was created in 1958 by the United States Navy and Booz-Allen & Hamilton. It's a statistical tool for project management that analyzes tasks in a project. PERT is used for time management, system analysis, and is an evolution of the Gantt chart. It consists of planning, scheduling, and controlling phases and provides estimates for optimistic, pessimistic, and likely timeframes.

CPM (Critical Path Method) stands for Critical Path Method and was developed in 1950 by Morgan R. Walker at Du Pont Company and James E. Kelley at Remington Rand. CPM is an algorithm used to schedule project activities, often paired with PERT. It visualizes the flow and sequence of activities and is valuable for scheduling in libraries and publication operations. PERT/CPM networks have two main components: activities (representing actions and resource consumption) depicted by arrows, and events (beginning and end points) represented by circles.

CONCEPTS AND SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT

 Management encompasses various definitions and applications, adapting to different contexts. It draws from verbs like organizing, controlling, handling, and executing for specific purposes. Its scope includes:

1. Occupational Group: A collective term for people engaged in managerial tasks and functions. This can refer to the entire group or individuals within it.

2. Individual Management Role: Pertains to an individual performing managerial functions or being part of a management-focused group.

3. Academic Discipline: An area of specialization that imparts knowledge and skills in management.

4. Process of Activities: Management involves a series of specific activities or functions, serving as a science and an art.

   

Management is a blend of science and art. Effective managers employ a scientific approach, establishing philosophies, principles, and practices for application. While it shares commonalities with social sciences like psychology and sociology, it's distinct. As an art, management is about executing organizational functions through people.

An ancient practice, management is essential wherever organized human activities exist. It is crucial for both goods-producing and service-performing tasks, across diverse private and public organizations, regardless of size. Management helps achieve organizational and personal goals, balancing conflicting objectives, and ensuring efficiency and effectiveness.

In broad terms, management involves collaborating with people to define, interpret, and attain organizational goals. This is achieved through functions like planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. It encompasses processes such as decision-making, problem-solving, and action-planning, all of which involve managing resources like human, financial, material, and time.

It's important to differentiate between management and administration. Management encompasses planning, initiating actions, and monitoring, serving as a policy-making and policy-control process. In contrast, administration centers on implementing policies, procedures, rules, and regulations set by management.

CONCEPT, DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

     Management involves systematic functions for organizing and overseeing activities and staff within an organization, including libraries. Management techniques in libraries started around the mid-1950s and have grown as libraries expanded in size, resources, finances, and staff.

Efficient management improves effectiveness, quality, cost-efficiency, and stakeholder satisfaction. Chief Librarians, especially in large academic or public libraries, require strong management skills. Specialized libraries with diverse document formats also apply scientific management principles.

Today, librarians face challenges due to competition and evolving technology. Therefore, effective management is crucial for libraries of all types and sizes, regardless of location.

ADINET - The Ahmedabad Library Network

ADINET, recognized as the Ahmedabad Library Network, represents an assemblage of libraries situated within the vicinity of Ahmedabad. In the month of October, 1994, ADINET was formally established as a registered Society. Its establishment was made possible through the support of the National Information System for Science and Technology (NISSAT), an initiative under the aegis of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, functioning within the purview of the Government of India.

The foundational goals of ADINET encompass the cultivation of a collaborative modality of operation among diverse libraries and information centers located in the proximate environs of Ahmedabad. At its core, ADINET seeks to foster the spirit of resource sharing and the effective dissemination of information among its constituent member libraries, achieved through the mechanism of network integration. A pivotal endeavor of ADINET involves the creation and maintenance of a centralized Union catalogue, which amalgamates the collective holdings of its member institutions. This orchestrated consolidation serves to streamline the processes of information access and retrieval.

CALIBNET

In its revised operational strategy, CALIBNET has embraced two distinct methodologies, namely the centralized network typology and the information center approach, utilizing E-mail services as a primary avenue for dissemination. The CALIBNET framework encompasses an array of facilities and provisions, including the deployment of a library automation and networking software known as "MAITRAYEE," developed through collaboration with CMC Limited. The network facilitates access to CD-ROM databases such as LCMARC, Bibliofile, and Inside Information. Additionally, CALIBNET extends its services through the ERNET local hub at the NSC, furnishing an E-mail linkage termed "CAUBLINK" to member libraries. Among the suite of offerings are retrospective catalog conversion, real-time journal content access, selective information distribution (ConAlert), and comprehensive training initiatives in emerging information science domains.

Positioned as a multi-type library network, CALIBNET extends its membership eligibility to both institutional entities and individuals. Notably, CALIBNET extends an assortment of resources to its participating constituents and the wider user community, including a compendium of Newspapers & Journals, electronic reference tools, factual information repositories, document procurement services, on-demand information dissemination, consultation services for library automation, avenues for manpower development, and a platform for Research & Development endeavors within the realm of Information Technology applications.

"Info-Port: A Subject Gateway to Indian Scholarly Internet Resources"

"Info-Port: A Subject Gateway to Indian Scholarly Internet Resources" is an initiative by the INFLIBNET Centre aimed at providing a comprehensive gateway to diverse Indian scholarly content available on the internet. This InfoPortal serves as an integrated interface facilitating search, browsing, and comprehensive listing of over 1,700 electronic resources. The underlying framework for this platform is the "Subject Gateway Management System (SGMS)," a bespoke hosting system crafted and implemented at the INFLIBNET Centre. The purpose of this system is to efficiently consolidate and present the dispersed landscape of Indian scholarly content, enhancing accessibility and usability for researchers and scholars."

The VIDWAN Database

The VIDWAN database constitutes a preeminent repository encompassing comprehensive profiles of distinguished scientists, researchers, and faculty members actively engaged in scholarly pursuits within esteemed academic institutions and prominent research and development establishments across India. Commenced in the year 2012, this database serves as an invaluable resource furnishing pertinent details pertaining to the professional trajectory, contact particulars, proficiencies, and noteworthy achievements of these subject-matter experts. Notably, the repository encompasses a robust compilation of over 9,000 profiles, collectively representing a diverse spectrum of domains, emanating from a cohort of 650 distinct educational and research entities.

N-LIST (National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content) initiative constitutes a comprehensive framework aimed at the provision of scholarly content and information services at a national level.

The initiative known as the "National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST)" is a collaborative effort involving the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre, and the INDESTAICTE Consortium at IIT Delhi. This endeavor aims to facilitate access to scholarly content for educational institutions such as colleges, universities, and centrally funded technical institutions. The N-LIST project is comprised of four distinct components: 

i) Provision of UGC-INFONET e-resources to technical institutions, including IITs, IISc, IISERs, and NITs.

ii) Dissemination of INDEST e-resources to universities.

iii) Delivery of e-resources to government, government-aided, and non-aided colleges.

iv) Establishment of a National Monitoring Agency based at the INFLIBNET Centre. This agency oversees access management, monitoring, promotion, and training to ensure optimal utilization of e-resources, along with supervising all aspects of the process to provide efficient access to these resources within colleges.

The N-LIST initiative was officially inaugurated on May 4th, 2010, by the former Honourable Union Minister of Human Resource Development, Shri Kapil Sibal, at Shastri Bhawan in New Delhi. By June 1, 2013, a total of 3,328 colleges were enrolled in the program, with 3,031 eligible colleges already benefiting from the resources offered under the N-LIST framework.

INFLIBNET: Shodhganga, A Reservoir of Indian Theses:

Shodhganga serves as a prominent digital repository established to facilitate the submission of electronic renditions of theses and dissertations authored by research scholars affiliated with Indian universities. The primary objective of this repository is to grant unrestricted access, within the realm of open academia, to the global academic community. This initiative stems from the directive laid out by the University Grants Commission (UGC) Notification of 2009, specifically pertaining to the 'Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil. / Ph.D Degree', wherein the onus of curating the digital repository of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) is entrusted to the INFLIBNET Centre.

ShodhGanga operates on the technological framework of Dspace, a platform recognized internationally for its adherence to established protocols and interoperability standards. The repository's web portal, ShodhGanga Website, constitutes a comprehensive resource offering pertinent information to students, research supervisors, and university authorities. It encompasses a range of topics, including but not limited to the obligations of stakeholders, access guidelines, procedures for submission, and the structural framework of metadata associated with ETDs.

"ShodhGangotri: A Repository of Synopsis Submitted to Indian Universities for Enrollment in Ph.D. Programs"

The initiative known as "ShodhGangotri" serves as a complementary endeavor to the pre-existing "ShodhGanga" platform. While "ShodhGanga" functions as a comprehensive repository housing complete theses submitted to universities across India, "ShodhGangotri" is specifically designed to accommodate endorsed research synopses tendered by aspiring scholars seeking enrollment into the Ph.D. program within Indian universities. In pursuance of this novel initiative, designated research scholars and their supervisors within university settings are urged to furnish electronic versions of the officially sanctioned research synopses, which are pivotal for the purpose of enrollment into the Ph.D. program.

The repository established under the aegis of "ShodhGangotri" serves a dual purpose: firstly, it serves as a medium through which prevailing research trends and trajectories within Indian academic institutions are discernible, and secondly, it functions to mitigate the likelihood of research redundancy and overlap. It is worth noting that the synopses archived within the "ShodhGangotri" repository will subsequently be correlated with the comprehensive full-text theses accessible through the "ShodhGanga" repository.

NISCAIR: Now NIScPR

NISCAIR: Now NIScPR (NISCAIR+ NISTADS).

The National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), located at New Delhi, India, was an information science institute in India founded in 2002. In 2021, the institute was merged with National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies to form National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR)

104 Imp MCQs on Cataloguing and Classification

 Click Here to See

Basic Abbrivation

ARPANET :  Advanced Research Projects Agency Network 

BITNET  : Because It's Time NETwork

DARPA : Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency 

DNS: Domain Name Server 

HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language

HTTP : HyperText Transport Protocol 

IRC: Internet Relay Chat 

ISDN:  Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISP: Internet Service Provider 10 OSI Open Systems Interconnection 

SMTP:  Simple Mail Transport Protocol 

TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol 

URL: Uniform Resource Locator 

GUI: Graphical user interface

 

Development of catalogue codes year wise

Development of catalogue codes

1 British Museum Code (1841)

2 Charles C. Jewett Code (1852)

3 Rules for Dictionary Catalogue (1876)

4 The Prussian Instructions (1899)

5 Dziatizka Code (1886)

6 Anglo-American Code (1908)

7 Vatican Code (1931)

8 ALA Rules (1949)

9 Classified Catalogue Code, Ed 5 (1964)

10 AACR-1 (1967)

11 AACR-2 (1978)

12 AACR-2R (1988)

13 RDA (2003)



Source: Epg Patashala