International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)

    

 For a larger collection, more elaborate cataloguing rules are required. Users do not want to examine hundreds of catalogue entries or dozens of library items to find a single library holding. Currently, most cataloging rules are similar to, or even based on, the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), a set of rules produced by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to describe a wide range of library materials. IFLA's ISBD Review Group is responsible for maintaining the ISBD. It helps to create a bibliographic description in a standard, human-readable form, especially for use in a bibliography or a library catalogue. The chief purpose of the ISBD is to provide a standard form of bibliographic description that could be used to exchange records internationally. These rules organise the bibliographic description of an item in the 

following areas:

1) Title and statement of responsibility (author or editor)

2) Edition

3) Material specific details (for example, the scale of a map)

4) Publication and distribution

5) Physical description (for example, number of pages)

6) Series

7) Notes, and 

8) Standard Number (ISBN) 

Each book, while, being enlisted in the catalogue has to be described individually. This 

description is called a record of the document. An entry is a single record of a document. 

Entries are prepared by different cataloguing Rules/Methods/Codes. Two methods used 

by most of the libraries in the world are:

AACR-2

MARC 21

The most commonly used set of cataloguing rules in the English speaking world are the 

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd Edition, or AACR-2 for short.

Note: ISBD (s) Estd. 1974.

ISBD: International Standard Bibliographic Discription. Developed in 1969 -by IFLA.

ISBD 1st ed. - ISBD(M) M- monographic - Appeared: 1971, Published in 1974.

ISBD (CR): CR - Continuing Resources (2002)

ISBD (PM): PM: Printed Music - 1980.

ISBD (G) : G: General- 1977. It's a foundation of AACR-II.

ISBD (NBM) : NBM: Non Book Meterial - 1977

SLA : Special Libraries Association

 SLA : Special Libraries Association

SLA [Special Libraries Association] was founded in 1909 in the United States by a Group of Librarians Working, Led by John cotton Dana, Who Served as the First President of SLA from 1909 to 1911. It is Headquartered in Mclean, Virginia [ Washington ] USA. 

Tagline of SLA  : 

“ Connecting People and information “

OR

   “ Connecting Information Professional ”

Slogan / Motto of SLA :

"Putting Knowledge to work" was the first Slogan of SLA after its inception in 1909. 

Publications :

SLA Publishes "Information Outlook" [Formerly Special Libraries], a Bimonthly Online Professional / Trade Magazine Since 1997. 

Award : 

1. John Cotton Dana Award [1979] for A Lifetime of achievement as well as Exceptional Service to Special Librarianship. 

2. The John Cotton Dana Award is SLA's Highest honour. 

APUPA pattern

Dr. Ranganathan revolutionized classification in the early 20th century by proposing a dynamic and nuanced system, which could easily adapt to new subjects and incorporate more details and sub categories. One of his ideas was the Alien-Penumbral-Umbral-Penumbral-Alien, or APUPA system/pattern. It classifies material, based upon, how closely they relate to a specific topic. He created the APUPA pattern as a method of classifying books and documents based on their relevance to the searcher.

As per this method, documents are classified into three categories, that is, Alien, Penumbral and Umbral. Here, an Umbral document implies a relevant document, which is of main interest to the members of a library. A Penumbral document is meant for the marginal interests of the readers. This type is partially relevant and in some way or the other related to an Umbral document. An Alien document is non- relevant and thus, not required by the

reader. So, we can recognize the pattern which indicates that every helpful sequence of

book is Alien- Penumbral- Umbral- Penumbral- Alien, i.e., the APUPA arrangement.

The APUPA pattern, thus, arranges the most relevant documents at the center, documents

of marginal relevance on both sides of the relevant document and the totally disconnected

documents are far from the center. This is the best way to maintain filiatory sequence. The

filiatory sequence implies the placement of all the entities of a field of knowledge in a

definite sequence, in one line, according to the degree of their mutual affinities. A helpful

sequence therefore, is said to be the one which follows the APUPA pattern. APUPA

patterns are dynamic. Any book or other resource within a classification scheme can be an

Umbral source and any resource can also be Penumbral or Alien, depending upon the

subject.

As mentioned above, this sequence puts the most relevant records in the centre. The records

which are connected with it are placed before and after it; and those which are totally

disconnected are put at a distance from the Umbral. It is this kind of an APUPA

arrangement, which gives the reader great satisfaction. If it manages to do so, then it is said

to be in full conformity with all the Five Laws of Library Science.

Example: If a user is seeking a book on 'growing oranges', that book is the Umbral source. Books about 'packing and transporting oranges'; a related topic but not exactly the same are Penumbral sources. Books about setting up industry for bottling orange juice would be Alien, or unrelated sources.

ISBN: International Standard Book Number

• The ISBN ( International Standard book Number) is a unique machine-readable identification number Which marks any book unmistakably, this number is Defined in ISO Standard 2108.

• 9- Digit Standard book number (SBN) code was created by Gordon Foster in 1966. Professor in Trinity College in Ireland 

• International Standard book Number

• David Whitakar is regarded as Father of ISBN, He developed SBN ( Standard Book Number ) in the United Kingdom, in 1967.
•  The Internationally agreed number which is given to book is called as ISBN
• In 1968, Emery Koltay Developed SBN in the United States.
• ISBN was introduced by ISO (International Organization for Standardization ) 
• in 1970 and as International Standard ISO 2108. 
• Initially ISBN had 10 Digits and 4 Parts But since 1st January 2007 ISBN has 13 Digits and 5 Parts

Before : 1st january 2007, 10 Digits and 4 Parts 

From: 1st january 2007, 13 Digits and 5 Parts

1st Part: EAN ( European Article No.) - 3 Digits

2nd Part: Group - 2     

3rd Part: Publisher - 4

4th Part: Title - 3

5th Part : Check Digit - 1

ISBN Assigning Agency:

In United States - RR Bowker

In United Kingdom - Nielsen Book Services

In India - Rajaram Mohan Roy National Agency ( Since 1985)

Rajaram Mohan Roy National Agency Office at New Delhi since 2011.

First office in kolkata, 

International ISBN agency, appointed by ISO which is Located in London ( United Kingdom)

The 10 Digit ISBN format was developed by the International organisation of Standardization (ISO) and was approved and Published in 1970 as the First Edition of international Standard ISO 2108. Subsequently, the Second and Third Editions of the standard came out in 1978 and 1992 respectively.

Library Acts in indian States

Library Acts in Indian States:19 Indian States and one Union Territory (Total 20 States) Have enacted Public Libraries act. 

S.No	State	Year	Library Cess
1	Tamila nadu( madras)	1948	10% on property tax
2	Andhra pradesh	1960	8% house tax and property tax
3	karnataka	1965	6% of the lands revenue
4	Maharashtra	1967	No Library cess
5	West bengal	1979	No Library cess
6	manipur	1988	No Library cess
7	Kerala	1989	5% Surcharge on House Tax and Property Tax
8	haryana	1989	surcharge on House Tax and Property Tax as Decided by The Government from time to time.
9	Mizoram	1993	no library Cess
10	Goa	1993	Surcharge on IFML @ .50 rupee/liter
11	gujarat	2001	no library Cess
12	Odisha	2001	no library Cess
13	uttarakhand	2005	no library Cess
14	Rajasthan	2006	no library Cess
15	Uttar pradesh	2006	no library Cess
16	lakshadweep	2007	no library Cess
17	Bihar	2008	no library Cess
18	Chattisgarh	2008	no library Cess
19	Arunachal pradesh	2009	no library Cess
20	Telangana	2015	8% on property tax