ISBN: International Standard Book Number

• The ISBN ( International Standard book Number) is a unique machine-readable identification number Which marks any book unmistakably, this number is Defined in ISO Standard 2108.

• 9- Digit Standard book number (SBN) code was created by Gordon Foster in 1966. Professor in Trinity College in Ireland 

• International Standard book Number

• David Whitakar is regarded as Father of ISBN, He developed SBN ( Standard Book Number ) in the United Kingdom, in 1967.
•  The Internationally agreed number which is given to book is called as ISBN
• In 1968, Emery Koltay Developed SBN in the United States.
• ISBN was introduced by ISO (International Organization for Standardization ) 
• in 1970 and as International Standard ISO 2108. 
• Initially ISBN had 10 Digits and 4 Parts But since 1st January 2007 ISBN has 13 Digits and 5 Parts

Before : 1st january 2007, 10 Digits and 4 Parts 

From: 1st january 2007, 13 Digits and 5 Parts

1st Part: EAN ( European Article No.) - 3 Digits

2nd Part: Group - 2     

3rd Part: Publisher - 4

4th Part: Title - 3

5th Part : Check Digit - 1

ISBN Assigning Agency:

In United States - RR Bowker

In United Kingdom - Nielsen Book Services

In India - Rajaram Mohan Roy National Agency ( Since 1985)

Rajaram Mohan Roy National Agency Office at New Delhi since 2011.

First office in kolkata, 

International ISBN agency, appointed by ISO which is Located in London ( United Kingdom)

The 10 Digit ISBN format was developed by the International organisation of Standardization (ISO) and was approved and Published in 1970 as the First Edition of international Standard ISO 2108. Subsequently, the Second and Third Editions of the standard came out in 1978 and 1992 respectively.

Library Acts in indian States

Library Acts in Indian States:19 Indian States and one Union Territory (Total 20 States) Have enacted Public Libraries act. 

S.No	State	Year	Library Cess
1	Tamila nadu( madras)	1948	10% on property tax
2	Andhra pradesh	1960	8% house tax and property tax
3	karnataka	1965	6% of the lands revenue
4	Maharashtra	1967	No Library cess
5	West bengal	1979	No Library cess
6	manipur	1988	No Library cess
7	Kerala	1989	5% Surcharge on House Tax and Property Tax
8	haryana	1989	surcharge on House Tax and Property Tax as Decided by The Government from time to time.
9	Mizoram	1993	no library Cess
10	Goa	1993	Surcharge on IFML @ .50 rupee/liter
11	gujarat	2001	no library Cess
12	Odisha	2001	no library Cess
13	uttarakhand	2005	no library Cess
14	Rajasthan	2006	no library Cess
15	Uttar pradesh	2006	no library Cess
16	lakshadweep	2007	no library Cess
17	Bihar	2008	no library Cess
18	Chattisgarh	2008	no library Cess
19	Arunachal pradesh	2009	no library Cess
20	Telangana	2015	8% on property tax

Types of Library

Introduction 

Libraries are invaluable institutions that act as gateways to knowledge, promote intellectual development and provide access to a wide variety of resources. Within the world of libraries, different types exist, each with its own distinct purpose and scope. 

Libraries come in various types, each designed to serve specific purposes and cater to different audiences. According to the mode of services rendered to the readers, libraries are broadly divided into four types: 

1. Academic Library

2. Special Library

3. Public Library 

 4. National Library 

Committee and Commission

1. Richey Commission 

In 1926, the Government of India appointed a Committee under the Chairmanship of Mr. J.A. Richey, to suggest measures for reorganising the administration of the Library. This Committee, recommended among other things, that the Imperial Library should be declared as a copyright depository Library. This recommendation was followed up by the successive librarians, Mr. Chapman and Khan Bahadur K.M. Asadullah. 

2. Fyzee committee

The Government of Bombay appointed a committee in 1939 under the chairmanship of Mr. A. A. A. Fyzee for the purpose of exploring the possibilities of the establishment of a Provincial Central Library in Bombay as well as three Regional Libraries at Ahmedabad, Poona and Dharwar. 

The committee submitted its report in 1940 and out of the recommendations of the Fyzee Committee, one central library, three regional libraries and 15 district libraries were set up. 

Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre (DESIDOC)

    DESIDOC, which stands for Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, is an organization that was established in 1958 as the Scientific Information Bureau (SIB). Initially, it was a division of the Defence Science Laboratory (DSL), now known as the Laser Science & Technology Centre (LASTEC). The DRDO library, which originated in 1948, became a part of the Scientific Information Bureau in 1959.

    In 1967, the SIB underwent reorganization and expanded its activities, leading to its renaming as the Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre (DESIDOC). It continued to operate under the administration of the Defence Science Laboratory.

    On July 29, 1970, DESIDOC became a self-accounting unit and one of the laboratories of DRDO. It was located in the historic Metcalfe House building in Delhi, which is a national monument. In August 1988, DESIDOC moved to a newly constructed five-story building within the same Metcalfe House complex.

    As a self-accounting unit, DESIDOC has served as a central information resource for DRDO. Its primary role is to provide science and technology information to the DRDO headquarters and its various laboratories across India, drawing upon its library and other information resources.